Functions of Switchboards

Switchboards are indispensable core equipment in power systems, mainly responsible for power distribution, control, protection, and monitoring. Their main functions are as follows:

1. Power Distribution

• Distributes incoming power supply (high voltage or low voltage) to different areas or equipment based on load requirements, such as lighting, HVAC, power machinery, and outlets.

• Classified into main switchboards, sub-distribution boards, and terminal boards depending on function and scale.

2. Circuit Protection

• Equipped with various protective devices (such as circuit breakers, fuses, residual current devices, and protective relays) to prevent:

  • Overload (excessive current)

  • Short circuit (conductor contact)

  • Leakage current (to prevent electric shock)

  • Lightning strikes or abnormal voltage fluctuations

3. Control Functions

• Can control the start/stop and switching of different power circuits, often paired with motor control, air compressors, automation systems, lighting timers, and backup systems.

• Can be integrated with remote control and automated operation (such as PLC or SCADA systems).

4. Power Monitoring and Management

• Equipped with meters, voltmeters, ammeters, power factor meters, etc., providing real-time power data.

• Helps with energy management and power quality monitoring.

• Smart switchboards can be integrated with Energy Management Systems (EMS) to achieve energy-saving goals.

5. Fault Isolation and Operational Safety

• In case of abnormal conditions (such as short circuit or leakage), the switchboard can quickly cut off the power supply to prevent fire, electric shock, and equipment damage.

• Ensures personnel can perform inspection and maintenance safely.

6. Extended Special Applications

• Paralleling/Interconnection Boards: Can connect with renewable energy systems such as solar or wind power.

• UPS Output Boards: Integrated with uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems to ensure uninterrupted operation of critical equipment.

• Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS): Enables automatic switching between utility power and generators to ensure uninterrupted supply.

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